LTL Freight Class
Estimate density and NMFC class using inches/lbs.
Awaiting Data
Results appear once all shipment details are entered.
Operational Note: Density is only one of four factors. Stowability, handling, and liability also impact your final class.
What is LTL Freight Class?
Freight class is a standardized shipping industry pricing category used for Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipments. It was developed by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) to provide a uniform pricing structure across different carriers and commodities.
There are 18 possible freight classes, ranging from Class 50 (the cheapest) to Class 500 (the most expensive).
How is Freight Class Determined?
While density is the most common factor used to estimate class, the NMFTA actually evaluates four primary characteristics:
- Density: The weight per cubic foot. Higher density usually means a lower class.
- Stowability: How easily the freight can be stacked or fit with other cargo.
- Handling: The degree of care or special equipment needed to move the shipment.
- Liability: The value of the goods and their likelihood of being damaged, stolen, or causing damage to other freight.
How to Calculate Density (PCF)
To use the calculator above, you’ll need the total dimensions and weight of your shipment (including the pallet).
The formula is:
- Calculate Volume in Cubic Inches: Length × Width × Height
- Convert to Cubic Feet: Cubic Inches ÷ 1,728
- Calculate Density: Weight ÷ Cubic Feet
For example, a standard 48” x 48” x 48” pallet weighing 500 lbs has a density of 7.81 PCF, which typically falls into Class 125.
Why Accuracy Matters
Entering the wrong freight class on your Bill of Lading (BOL) can lead to Reclassification Fees. If a carrier inspects your shipment and finds the density doesn’t match the declared class, they will adjust the rate and often add a significant inspection fee.
Using a density calculator helps you stay ahead of these costs and ensures your shipping quotes are as accurate as possible.